Liquid sampling apparatus



April 0, 5 H. L. BLUM 2,548,193

' LIQUID SAMPLING APPARATUS Filed July 5, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 III /5206.: I45 79 HOSMER L. BLUM Patented Apr. 10, 1951 Bowser,. Inc. Fort Waot- Indiana yne,i.Ii1d.', a corporation A pplicationluly 5,1945,serialmzonossza This invention relates to a. liquid samplingdevice, morespecifically, to a sampling device which is connected with a liquidmeter and will take a.

representative sample of a liquid being metered which is proportional inquantity to the quantity of liquid metered over a given'period. 7

One use of this sampling. device isv to take a representative sample ofthe mixture of crude oil.

and saltwater as itissues'from an oil well. The sample iscollected-.in-a graduate where itis per-. mitted' to precipitate andfrom which direct. readings of. the quantities of oil and water in thesample are taken. Since the sample is-representative of the efiluent ofthe well, the proportions determined by the sample are used todetermine. the oil productivity of the well.

It is 'thereforean object. of this invention to takearepresentativesample of the liquid being.-

metered.

It is; another object of this invention to-take a small representativesample of the metered liquid at regular intervals.

It is still another object of the invention to. provide a device whichwill take a. sample having, a volume which is in direct proportion to.the volume of liquid meteredI g It is" yet anotherobject of thisinvention to: provide. a. liquid sampling device in! which the.

proportion of the sample to the meterednquid can be varied. V 7

It is yet another object of this invention. to provide a liquid samplingdevice which willcreate a uniform mixture of and thereafter take a.

sample of the metered liquid;

It is still another object ofthi's invention. to provide a liquidsampling device which will'take a representative sample of liquid inaccurate. quantities proportionate to the meteredliquid.

These and other objects. of the inventionlwill. become apparent from astudy of this specification and the drawings which are attached heretoand'made apart hereof and in which:

Figure 1 is an elevation with parts broken away showing the samplerandgear case connected to a liquid meter.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 3, showingthe check valve and arrangement of the control valves and ports.

Figure 3 is an elevation'with'parts broken away taken on the line 3-3 ofFigure-1, showing the exhaust valve, the diaphragm and port arrange-.-

ment.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken-onthe line-- 4-4 of'Figure 2,showing. the sampler outletport.

Figure 5 is-a sectional view taken. substantially on.line 5f 5of-Figure1,, showing the meter con pling, gearing, crank, and-register driveshaft. v Figurerfi is a diagrammatic view of; the metering andsamplingsystem.

Referring to Figure. 1 of the drawings, the

numeral I. representsa liqfuid meter .whichmay be;

of the positive clisplacem ent type typifiect b that shown it. Patent#2237518 issued! Aprils; 1941,. to Hosmer nemm, for FluidMet'er'i. 'Ihismeter has: a revolving output shaft 3Q'extendi'ng. from the.- 'meterhead 5: Anoutletfconduit 1 leads from the meterhead'and connects withthe inlet) 9 ofthe. checkyalvefbody I .I (Figures. 2' and 3);. Theinlet. chamber Illi'is in communication with a chamber3l=througha port][5. A check valve 43- controls the port 1.5, which .is' formed in a wallI6. A valve seat I17 is'machined into the outlet side o'f'thevlport, Thecheck? valve islcomprisedof a poppetltype valve 19;? the. valve, stem-21, the latterlof whichtis guidedin' a hole 23in a cap 25. and spring.21, Whichbears upon the back face of the. valve and'upon. webs. 29.. ofthe cap. to. exert a. force tendingtokeep the' valve on its seat.

The web structure offthe valve cap permits free assage of liquidtorelieve, the valve stem; The' cap/25' isthreadedly engaged in'the bodyll 1 The;

check, valve. opens into the? chamber 311' which passes downwardly tothe liquid outlet 33' and 'i'nt'o. the'outlet conduit 3.5..-- I I Aport. 31 is. formed in the. check. valve'bo'dy 11" and communicates withthe'intake chamber 39in the sampler bod-$5.1M (Figure 2),} The twobodies are held together by screws- 42'; The intake.

chamber 39'has a seat '13 formed to receive a toroidring45 of syntheticrubber or other Sim"- ilar material, which serves as a, seat. forthe'valy'e. 4T.

The. valve 4 1'. provided with a. valveseating surface 49 which is.machined on the. stem side,

preferablyat a-90- included angle, to restj upon the seat and a stemithaving a. reducedpor-- tion 53 adjacent the seating: surface. A secondtoroid seal.:55 is-receivedin-a counterbore 5:1 in body 4 I andcompressed between the stemand the counterbore toactas'a-seal, It ishel-dginthe counterbore by meansof a packing :nut' 59; which is pilotedinto; bore 51- and isdrawn downby threads- 6 1- against shoulder 62.- orod-y 4.1.; A-

spring 63bears against the' packinggnut and the; Wash r 65. whi h ispositi ned by a; eottern n 6 which passes through the valvestem, seasto: exert a force uponrthevalve 41 adapted to move;

it to-seat on toroid 43; Bearings and -1| for the stem are provided inthe body 41 and the packing nut 59, respectively.

A port 13 connects the intake port 39 with a chamber 15 which in turnleads into the passages 11 and 19, the latter terminating in thediaphragm or measuring chamber 81 (Figure 3). The diaphragm 83 extendsacross the face of the chamber and is clamped to a boss 35, formed onthe sampler body'4l, by the diaphragm cap 81 and screws 89 to form aliquid-tight joint. The

diaphragm cap has a bore 9I, a counterbore 93 and a countersunk portion95, the latter serving as a support for the diaphragm on the inletstroke. A bearing 91 is formed in'theouter end of the diaphragm cap forthediaphragmstem 99 which has a reduced, threaded, diameter at the innerand outer ends, designated by the numerals HH and I03, respectively. Theend IBI extends through a hole 1.05 in the diaphragm which is supportedbetween washers I01 and is clamped against the shoulder on the stem bynut I08. Nuts I09 and III mounted on the end I03 and are adapted toengage the end I02 of the cap as a stop so as to adjust and maintain thestro'keof the diaphragm. Anacorn nut II3 having a recess II5 to receivethe. diaphragm stem end I03 and the nuts I09 and I I I, threadedlyengages the diaphragm can. A' spring H6 bears upon one'washer I01 and onshoulder II1 formed at the junction of bores BI and 91 in the diaphragmcap to normally maintain the. diaphragm in theposition away from thesurface 95 and nut I09 against surface I02. The chamber 8| is at itssmallest volume under these conditions. A hole H9 in the diaphragm capconnects the bore 9I with the atmosphere.

j'Chamber' 15 is connected with the discharge port I2I which iscontrolled by the discharge valve 121. A recess I23 receives a toroidring I25 of resilient material, similar to ring 45, which serves as aseat for the discharge 'valve I21. The valve is formed like the intakevalve 41, but its stern I3I is shorter. The discharge valve I21 has aseating surface I29 on'the stem side, a stem I3 I, a reduced diameterI33 on the stem adjacent the seating surface anda hole at the endopposite the seating surface to receive a cotter pin I35. The

toroi'd seal I31 received by the counterbore I39 and the packing nut'I4I are similar to the corresponding parts of the intake valve. It willbe noted. that the plane of the seat 45 of the intake v valve is spacedoutwardly from the plane of the seat I25 because the outlet side ofvalve 41 must I be connected with the inletfside of valve I21.

Bearings I43 and I45 are formed in the body 45 and packing nut I4Itoguide the discharge valve stem. Spring I41 is confined between thewasher I49 and the nut l4l.

Port I2I opens into a: cha nnel I5I which extends up and. over theintakevalve 41 and its chamber 39 and extends laterally and downwardlyto discharge into""thegraduate I53 through hole I55 (Figure 1).

flat, substantially circular pad I51 is cast as' a'part of the samplerbody 4I and has three 6 tapped holes 159' arranged "to' su ort the graduate adapter IBI. "'Asecond adapter I03 with mating male threads I64receives" the mouth of the graduate I65 which seats on gasket I69 andalso secures the bail I61 in a swiveling position.

The bail-is fixedat its lower end to 'a disc I69 which has a threadd11016 ll'l il t receive 9.- thumb screw I1I. A ball I13 is formed on theupper end of the screw and mates with a socket are threadedly in thesupport plate I15. A resilient washer I1! is cemented to the supportplate and cushions the graduate.

A rocker I19 is journaled upon shaft I8I (Fi ures 2 and 3) which isfixed in the side members I83 and I85 of the sampler body II. The rockerhas two arms I81 and I89 extending laterally and equidistant from theshaft and at 180 from each other. The arm I81 engages the end of theinlo take valve 41 and the arm I89 engages the end of the dischargevalve I21. Another arm I9I is formed on thehub I92 of the rocker andserves as an actuating arm for the rocker.

The arm I9I is actuated by an adjustable length link I93 (Figure 1)which is connected at the other end to the meter driven gear mechanism.Ashroud1205 is shaped to substantially enclose .the intake and dischargemechanism. A hole'205' is'cut in the shroud to provide entrance of thelink I93 into the arm I9I.

Link I93 is comprised 'of rod I95 engaging arm I9I, rod I91 screwed intoboss 259, and a turnbuckle'l99 provided with right and left hand threadsfor adjusting the length of the link. Locknuts 20I, one on either sideof the turnbuckle and another butting against the end of boss 259maintain the link in its adjusted position. a A U-sha-ped shroud 292covers the linkage and is received by hole 206 at the sampler body endand fits over an extended boss 201 formed on the gear case cover 209where it is fastened by screw 2| I. v v The gear case cover is fastenedto the meter head 5 by suitable screws (not shown) and has a bracket 2I3fastened in spaced relation with respect to the top of the cover by twoscrews 2I5, which enter bosses 2I6 depending from the cover. Thecoupling 2I1 which receives shaft 3 is mounted on the shaft 2I9, whichis journaled in bearings 221 and 223 in the bracket and coverrespectively. The spur gear 225 is fastened to the shaft 2I9 by pin 221and meshes an idler gear 229 which, along with the pinion 231, iscarried by shaft 233 rotating in bearings 235 and 231 inthe bracket andcover, respectively. The pinion 23I ineshes with a gear 232 which isfastened to the register drive shaft 234 by pin 236. The register driveshaft revolves in bearings 239 and MI in the bracket and cover,respectively. A pin 243 extends through a hole in the upper portion ofthe drive shaft and fits into a slot 245 of the coupling 241 of theregister 249.

The lower portion of the drive shaft extends through. bearing239 and itsfree end is knurled at 251 and pressed into the hole 253 in an eccentricdisc 255. A band 251 is passed about and has a running fit with theperiphery of the eccentric disc and carries a projecting boss 259 whichthreadedly engages the end of rod 91.

The band is held in position on the eccentric by the plates 261 and 203which are disposed on opposite sides of the eccentric 255 and are heldthereon by a screw and nut 265 and 261. The 5 screw passes throughmating holes 299, 21I and 213 in the eccentric disc, and plates 28I and263, respectively.

Operation of thegraduate, are filledwit h the liquid to be metered toevacuate the air. The receiving tank into which discharge line 35empties is so ar- 7 in apipe line supplied by either 'pump or gravityand the meter and sampler, with the exception zic is rcs 571.: ranges"as to provide a backj pressureon thedi's charge line and this pressureis transmitted to the diaphragm 33 as will appearbe'low.

As the liquid to"be"me"tered andfromwvhich a sample is to be taken is'forcedthrough' the" meter' I, it leaves by" way of the outlet 5 andconduit 1, it passes through the inlet 9 and into and up in the inletchamber It" to the port It" which is closed by the check valve I3; If"the pressure in chamber I" exceeds the sum' of the' back-pressure inchamber" 3| and the pressure exerted on the valve byspring 21;. thecheck valve opens and allows the liquid to enter" and drop downwardly inchamber 31" to the outlet 33 and the discharge conduit 35 leadiiigto thereceiving tank shown in Figure 6. t

The check valve serves aduai. function, namely, to prevent any surgesuch 'as'ca'used by thepump from creating a fluttering of the" diaphragmand thus disturbing the accuracyof thesample; and

also to cause a uniform mixing of the liquid as it passes through theport so that the sample will be uniform and truly re resentative of theliquid beingmetered'. As the liquid passes by the. check valve, it isdirected downwardly so as to afford little opportunity for theconstituents of the sample to stratify.

The liquid passing through and volumetrically measured by the metercauses the meterfoutput shaft 3 to revolve. The shaft engages coupling2i? which is connected to a trainof gears by shaft 215. The train ofgears oomprises' thev gears 225, 225, 231 and'232. This gear traindrives the register drive shaft 234 at the rate of one revolution perbarrel (42 gallons).

An eccentric is connected to the end of the register drive shaft 234'oppositethe register and turns with the register drive shaft.

The eccentric is c'onnected'to linkage [93, and

. together they convert the rotary motion of the register shaft into areciprocating motion and transfer the reciprocating motion to the rockerI19, which opens the intake valve 4! and closes it, and thereafter opensthe discharge valve l2? and closes it, in repeated cycles.

As the intake port opens, liquid. is forced by the back pressure throughthe ports 31, 39; '13, chamber 1'5, .71 and 19' mm the diaphragm chamber84 (Figure 3) forcing the diaphragm 83 back against the resistance ofspring lit until the washer it! strikes the shoulder formed by bore 9!and counterbore S3 in which position the diaphragm rests on its seat95.. A 90 revolution of the eccentric causes the intakevalve to berelieved by the rocker and the valve is closed by its spring, so that ittraps the liquid in the ports and chambers just described. Another 90revolution of the eccentric opens the discharge valve, which relievesthe pressure on the diaphragm 83 which, actuated by spring I IS; movesoff its seat to the left until nut" "39 strikes'sur' face m2 and cxpelsa definite quantity of the. trapped liquid from chamber 8|, throughports 19, H, and i5! (Figures 3 and 4), hole; J55 (Figure 1) and intothe graduate [53,the graduate being vented through the loosely fittedadapter castings Eel and H53, Thereafter the dis charge valve is closedand the parts are in posi-' tion to repeat the cycle.

The constituents of the sample, which may be oil andsalt water, usuallyseparate by gravitation and a reading can be made of the graduate todetermine relative quantities of each co'nstituent.

' The stroke of the diaphragm '83 and therefore" 7 tion of a conduit forliquid, means for passing the" quantity" of liquid expelled uponeachstrokeis governed by the adjusting nut" I093 which is threaded ontothe end of the diaphragm stem.- Shortening thestroke' will decrease; and

lengthening the stroke will increase the size of the sample. Thediaphragm ofthe sampler as shown may be adjusted to any capacity betweenthe limits of .2 cc. and 2 cc. perstroke'; In

operation the" strokei's' generally set for a samplei of 1130;, which atten revolutions of the register shaft per barrel (42 gallonsl'wouldtake-a sample of 10cc. perbarrel.

Inthe event there are pulsations in thepipeline whichwould cause theline pressure to fall below that requiredto' overcome the spring H6;

it will be seen that the valve 4 7 could conceiv-- ably close while thediaphragm" occupied a position away from its seat and consequentlylittle or no liquid would bedischarged to the graduate upon the openingof valve" I21 and thesamplewould not be" proportionatewith thel-iquiddispensed by the meter. The check valve leprevents this byclosing as soon as the flow through port it stops. Therefore thediaphragm is always subjected'tothe equivalent of the back hereinprimarily for purposes of illustration; but

instead, he desires protection falling fairly within the scope of theappended claims.

What I claim to be new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of theUnited States is:

1. In a liquid measuring system, the combina-- tion of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a meter insaid-con-' duit, a sampling mechanism in said conduit; said mechanismcomprising positive displacement means having an inlet connected to theconduit and being constructed-and arranged for opera tion through acycle of events to withdraw a pre' determined quantity of liquid fromsaid conduit and store it, means connecting said meter to operate saidsampling'mechanism in synchronism with it, and a flow opened, springclosed check valve in said conduit, upstream of and closev to saidinlet, for mixing the constituents of the liquid flowing in saidconduit.

2. In a liquid measuring system, the combinaliquid through said conduit,a meter in said conduit, a sampling mechanism in said conduit, saidmechanism having anintake connected with said conduit and apositive'displacement means which is responsive to back pressure appliedto said intake and being constructed and arranged for operation througha cycle of events to withdraw a predetermined quantity of liquid fromsaid conduit and store it, means connecting said meter to operate saidsampling mechanism in "syn-p chronism with it, means for creating backpressure at said intake and means for'normally urging the valve closed,a flow'o'pened check valve; I in said conduit immediatelyups'tlam 0f$2101 7 intake for forming a uniform mixture of the liquid in saidconduit and for maintaining back pressure at said intake.

3. In a liquid measuring system, the combination of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a meter in saidconduit, a sampling mechanism in said conduit, said mechanism having aninlet connected with said conduit and being constructed and arranged foroperation through a cycle of events to withdraw a predetermined quantityof liquid from said conduit and store it, means connecting said meter tooperate said sampling mechanism in synchronism with it, and a normallyclosed, flow opened check valve in said conduit immediately adjacent andupstream of said inlet.

4. In a liquid measuring system, the combination of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a meter in saidconduit, a sampling mechanism in said conduit, said mechanism having aninlet connected with said conduit and being constructed and arranged foroperation through a cycle of events to withdraw a predetermined quantityof liquid from said conduit upon theapplication of back pressure to saidmechanism and thereafter store it, and means connecting said meter tooperate said sampling mechanism in synchronism with it, a flow actuatedcheck valve in said conduit immediately adjacent and upstream of saidinlet, and means cooperating with said valve for maintaining a backpressure on said conduit downstream of said inlet and check valve.

5. In a sampler mechanism adapted for attachment to a liquid flow line,a receptacle, a body member having a chamber, displacement means in saidchamber, yieldable means for urging said displacement means in onedirection, an inlet passage, means for continuously applying liquid tosaid flow line and to said passage under a pressure sufiicient toovercome said yieldable means, a discharge passage leading to thereceptacle, valves in said passages, means connecting said chamber withsaid passages and means operable in accordance with the rate of flow ofliquid in said flow line for opening and closing first said inlet valveto admit fluid to said valve chamber from said inlet passage against theaction of said yieldable means and thereafter said discharge valve toeject fluid from said chamber into said discharge passage and receptacleunder the action of said yieldable means.

6. Ina sampler mechanism adapted for attachment to a liquid flow line, abody member having a chamber, displacement means in said chamber,yieldable means for urging said displacement means in one direction, aninlet passage, means for continuously applying liquid to said flow lineand to said passage under a pressure suflicient to overcome saidyieldable means, a discharge passage, valves in said passages, meansconnecting said chamber with said passages, means operable in accordancewith the rate of how of liquid in said flow line for opening and closingfirst said inlet valve to admit fluid to said chamber from said inletpassage against the action of said yieldable means and thereafter saiddischarge valve to eject fluid from said chamber into said dischargepassage under the action of said yieldable means, and a samplecollecting vessel mounted in said mechanism and in communication withsaid discharge passage.

7. In a sampler mechanism adapted for attachment to a liquid flow line,a receptacle, a body member having a chamber, displacement means in saidchamber, yieldable means for urging said displacement means in onedirection, adjustable means for limiting the stroke of said displacementmeans, an inlet passage, means for continuously applying liquid to saidflow line and to said passage under a pressure sufiicient to overcomesaid yieldable means, a discharge passage leading to the receptacle,valves in said passages, means connecting said chamber with saidpassages and rocker means operable in accordance with the rate of flowof liquid in said flow line for opening and closing said valvesalternately to admit fluid to said chamber from said inlet passage andthereafter to eject fluid from said chamber into said discharge passageand receptacle.

8. In a sampler mechanism, a receptacle, a body member having a chamber,displacement means in said chamber, an inlet passage, a dis- .chargepassage leading to the receptacle, valves in said passages, meansconnecting said chamber With said passages and valve operating means foropening and closing said valves to admit fluid to said chamber from saidinlet passage and thereafter to discharge fluid from said chamber intosaid discharge passage and receptacle, a flow line having an inlet andan outlet, said valve operating means being disposed in said flow lineand responsive to the rate of flow of liquid therethrough, said inletpassage being connected with said new line between the inlet and outlet,and a spring loaded check valve mounted in said flow line between theinlet and said inlet passage.

9. In a sampler mechanism, a body member .having a chamber, displacementmeans in said chamber, an inlet passage, a discharge passage, valves insaid passages, means connecting said chamber with said passages, meansfor opening and closing said valves to admit fluid to said chamber fromsaid inlet passage and thereafter to eject fluid from said chamber intosaid discharge passage, a flow line having an inlet and an outlet, saidvalve opening means being in said flow line and responsive to the rateof flow of liquid in said flow line, said inlet passage being connectedwith said flow line between the inlet and outlet, that portion of saidflow line immediately upstream ofsaid inlet passage being dis-. posed insubstantially vertical run.

10. In a sampler mechanism, a body member having a chamber, displacementmeans in said chamber operated by power in one direction, an

inlet passage, a sample discharge passage, valves in said passages,means connecting said chamber with said passages, a meter for openingand closing said valves to admit fluid to said chamber from said inletpassage and thereafter to eject fluid from said chamber into saiddischarge passage upon power operation of said displacement means, aflow line having an'inlet and an outlet, said meter being in said flowline and operable in proportion to the rate of flow of liquid in saidnew line, said inlet passage being connected with said how line betweenthe inlet and outlet, that portion of said flow line immediatelyupstream of said inlet passage being disposed in substantially verticalrun, and liquid mixing means in said flow line at the start of said run.

. 11. In a liquid measuring system the combination of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a samplingmecha-.

nism comprising a positive displacement means having an inlet connectedwith said conduit and an outlet, said mechanism being constructed andarranged for operation to withdraw a predetermined quantity of sampleliquid from said conduit through said inlet and to thereafter dischargeit through said outlet, means for actuating said mechanism in accordancewith the rate of flow of liquid in said conduit, and a flow actuatedcheck valve in said conduit upstream of and near said inlet for mixingthe constituents of said liquid so that the sample entering the inletwill be a true sample of the liquid flowing in the conduit.

12. In a liquid sampling system the combination of a conduit for liquid,means for passing liquid through said conduit, sampler means having aninlet connected to said conduit for removing samples of liquid therefromand a flow actuated check valve in said conduit upstream of and nearsaid sampleir inlet for mixing the constituents of said liquid. 1

13. In a liquid measuring system, the combination of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a meter in saidconduit, a sampling mechanism in said conduit, means for maintaining aback pressure on the liquid in said conduit at said mechanism, saidmechanism comprising positive displacement means adapted for operationin one direction by said back pressure and in the other direction by apower mechanism and being constructed and arranged for operation througha cycle of events to withdraw a predetermined quantity of liquid fromsaid conduit, store it and later discharge it, a receptacle forreceiving the predetermined quantity when it is discharged and meansconnecting said meter to control the operation of said samplingmechanism to maintain the mechanism in synchronism with the meter.

14. In a liquid measuring system, the combination of a conduit forliquid, means for passing liquid through said conduit, a meter in saidconduit, a sampling mechanism comprising positive displacement means insaid conduit, means for maintaining a back pressure on the liquid insaid conduit at said displacement means, said displacement means beingadapted for operation by the application of back pressure thereto andbeing constructed and arranged for operation through a cycle of eventsto withdravva predetermined quantity of liquid from said conduit andstore it, and means connecting said meter to control the operation ofsaid sampling mechanism to maintain the mechanism in synchronism withthe meter.

HOSMER L. BLUM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the idle ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,372,244 Pasko Mar. 22, 19211,577,579 Hirschler Mar. 23, 1926 1,631,454 Bambach et a1 June 7, 19271,649,399 Gard Nov. 15, 1927 1,691,687 Watts Nov. 13, 1928 1,852,445Calkins et al Apr. 5, 1932 1,918,341 Knaak July 18, 1933 1,985,173 KentDec. 18, 1934 2,121,892 Stiner June 28, 1938 2,154,529 Raymond Apr. 18,1939 2,183,338 Slough Dec. 12, 1939 2,217,855 Bassler Oct. 15, 19402,252,923 Granetz Aug. 19, 1941 2,272,313 Waters Feb. 10, 1942 2,277,714Polston et a1. Mar. 31, 1942 2,322,018 Huber June 15, 1943 2,350,905Koehler June 6, 1944 2,374,557 Millikan Apr. 24, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTSNumber Country Date 329,556 France Feb. 19, 1903

